Let's consider a simple ToDo
This is what your colleague left you as a gift 💩 before going on holiday:

codesandbox

In index.js there is a mess of functions within components passed between components that call other functions.
And if it were a real project it would be MUCH MUCH worse
because the COMPONENT TREE is deeper
and the nesting of COMPONENTs multiplies the complexity!

Let's create a STORE​

Let us try to extrapolate the LOGIC and STATUS from the COMPONENTs
to put it into a STORE.

const myStore = {
    
    callbacks: new Set(),
    subscribe: (callback) => {
        myStore.callbacks.add(callback)
        return () => myStore.callbacks.delete(callback)
    },
    getSnapshot: () => myStore.state,
    changeState: (newState) => {
        myStore.state = newState
        myStore.callbacks.forEach( cb => cb() )
    },

}

codesandbox

It is a generic implementation of a STORE using useSyncExternalStore the new React18 hook (but it can also be done with React17!). therefore:

• subscribe
  Stores a callback to be called when the STATE of the STORE is changed
• getSnapshot
  Returns the current STATE
• changeState
  It is convenient to exchange one STATE for another STATE.
  Remember that a STATE is immutable!
  And notify all registered callbacks of the change

Enter the STATE​

const myStore = {
    ...
    state: {
        todos: [
            { desc : "init value" },
        ],
        todoInEdit: {
            desc: ""
        },
    },
    ...
}

codesandbox

It is a picture of what our VIEW, in this case the ToDo app, should look like. A STATE represents one and only one view of the VIEW.

Enter the MUTATORS​

const myStore = {
    ...
    setTodos: todos => myStore.changeState({
        ...myStore.state,
        todos
    }),
    setTodoInEditProp: prop => myStore.changeState({
        ...myStore.state,
        todoInEdit: { ...myStore.state.todoInEdit, ...prop }
    }),
    ...
}

codesandbox

They simply execute the changeState by passing it the modified STATE. Consequently, they will notify the changes to the COMPONENTS. (as said before)

Let's add the ACTIONS​

const myStore = {
    ...
    deleteTodo: (index) => {
        const newTodos = myStore.state.todos.filter ((_,i)=>i!==index)
        myStore.setTodos(newTodos)
    },
    addTodoInEdit: () => {
        const newTodos = [...myStore.state.todos, myStore.state.todoInEdit]
        myStore.setTodos(newTodos)
        myStore.setTodoInEditProp({desc: ""}) 
    },
    ...
}

codesandbox

Let's update the VIEW​

function App() {
    return (<div>
        <List />
        <Form />
    </div>);
}

function List() {
    const state = useSyncExternalStore(store.subscribe, store.getSnapshot)

    return (
        <ul>
            {state.todos.map((td, index) => (<li>
                {td.desc}
                <button onClick={_=>store.deleteTodo(index)}>
                    Delete
                </button>
            </li>))}
        </ul>
    )
}

function Form() {
    const state = useSyncExternalStore(store.subscribe, store.getSnapshot)
    const handleChange = e => store.setTodoInEditProp({desc:e.target.value})
    const handleClickAdd = _ => store.addTodoInEdit()

    return (<div>
        <input
            value={state.todoInEdit.desc}
            onChange={handleChange}
        />
        <button onClick={handleClickAdd}>Add</button>
    </div>)
}

codesandbox

The STORE is responsible for managing the LOGIC and the STATE
the VIEW simply synchronises with the STORE

The COMPONENTS are more readable

and can be moved without problems. For example, List can be put inside another component without changing anything
because it is no longer "dependent" on its PARENT
In fact List has no properties

this also makes unit-testing easier.

In short, if I have to change the behavior I have to look at the STOREs.
If I have to change the display I will have to act on the COMPONENTS

Jon​

There are many libraries in React (as usual) that allow STATE management.
Of course I made one 😃
In my opinion, compared to the others, it allows
1) to see perfectly how it works under the hood. NO MAGIC
2) is super light
3) does only this, and nothing else

If you want, check it out here